question: 1
You are migrating an on-premises Oracle database to AWS. The business requires minimal downtime. Which migration strategy is best?
A. AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) with full load
B. AWS Snowball Edge
C. AWS DMS with CDC (Change Data Capture)
D. Export/import using Oracle Data Pump
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS DMS with CDC minimizes downtime by replicating ongoing changes during the migration process, allowing a near-zero-downtime migration.

question: 2
Which AWS service provides a fully managed NoSQL key-value and document database with single-digit millisecond latency?
A. Amazon RDS
B. Amazon ElastiCache
C. Amazon DynamoDB
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: C
explanation: DynamoDB is designed for high-performance key-value and document store use cases with single-digit millisecond response times.

question: 3
Which database engine supports multi-AZ deployments for high availability?
A. Amazon Aurora
B. Amazon DynamoDB
C. Amazon ElastiCache
D. Amazon Timestream
correct answer: A
explanation: Amazon Aurora supports Multi-AZ deployments with automatic failover to standby instances for high availability.

question: 4
You need a time-series database to store telemetry data from IoT sensors. Which AWS service should you use?
A. Amazon Neptune
B. Amazon Timestream
C. Amazon DynamoDB
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: B
explanation: Amazon Timestream is optimized for time-series data like IoT telemetry, with built-in time-based data retention and aggregation.

question: 5
Which tool can help convert an Oracle schema to a PostgreSQL schema for migration to Amazon RDS?
A. AWS Snowmobile
B. AWS Glue
C. AWS SCT (Schema Conversion Tool)
D. AWS DMS
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) converts the source database schema (e.g., Oracle) to a format compatible with the target (e.g., PostgreSQL).

question: 6
Your company stores data in Amazon RDS for MySQL. You want to audit database activities such as login attempts and queries. Which solution should you use?
A. CloudTrail
B. Enhanced Monitoring
C. Amazon RDS Database Activity Streams
D. RDS Performance Insights
correct answer: C
explanation: Database Activity Streams provide near-real-time monitoring of database activities for compliance and auditing purposes.

question: 7
You need a serverless database that automatically scales for unpredictable workloads and is compatible with PostgreSQL. What should you choose?
A. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
B. Amazon Aurora Serverless v2
C. Amazon Redshift Serverless
D. Amazon DynamoDB
correct answer: B
explanation: Aurora Serverless v2 supports PostgreSQL and automatically adjusts capacity based on demand without manual provisioning.

question: 8
Which database is optimized for storing and querying graph-based data?
A. Amazon DocumentDB
B. Amazon Neptune
C. Amazon Aurora
D. Amazon Timestream
correct answer: B
explanation: Amazon Neptune is a purpose-built graph database that supports both property graph and RDF graph models.

question: 9
What AWS service helps reduce downtime during large-scale data migration by preloading data into AWS?
A. AWS Glue
B. AWS DataSync
C. AWS Snowball
D. Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS Snowball is used to physically transfer large amounts of data to AWS, reducing network transfer time and downtime.

question: 10
Which Amazon RDS feature provides automatic backups, point-in-time recovery, and multi-AZ replication?
A. RDS Snapshots
B. Read Replicas
C. Enhanced Monitoring
D. Automated Backups
correct answer: D
explanation: Automated Backups allow point-in-time recovery and enable multi-AZ replication for high availability.

question: 11
Your application requires microsecond read and write latencies. Which database should you choose?
A. Amazon Redshift
B. Amazon RDS for MySQL
C. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis
D. Amazon DynamoDB
correct answer: C
explanation: ElastiCache for Redis offers sub-millisecond latency, making it ideal for real-time applications.

question: 12
Which database engine supports Global Tables for multi-region, fully replicated data?
A. Amazon Aurora
B. Amazon DynamoDB
C. Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: B
explanation: DynamoDB Global Tables allow automatic replication of data across multiple AWS Regions for global applications.

question: 13
Which AWS service provides a petabyte-scale data warehouse solution?
A. Amazon Aurora
B. Amazon RDS
C. Amazon Timestream
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: D
explanation: Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse optimized for analytical workloads.

question: 14
What is the recommended method to encrypt data at rest in Amazon RDS?
A. Enable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
B. Use KMS-managed encryption
C. Encrypt at the application level
D. Use a third-party tool
correct answer: B
explanation: Amazon RDS supports AWS KMS-managed keys to transparently encrypt data at rest.

question: 15
You want to enforce fine-grained access control on rows in Amazon Aurora. What feature should you use?
A. VPC Security Groups
B. IAM Database Authentication
C. Row-Level Security (RLS)
D. Database Activity Streams
correct answer: C
explanation: Row-Level Security (RLS) allows restricting access to specific rows in a database table based on user context.

question: 16
Which Amazon RDS engine supports SQL Server Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)?
A. MySQL
B. PostgreSQL
C. SQL Server
D. Oracle
correct answer: C
explanation: RDS for SQL Server supports SQL Server’s native Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) to protect data at rest.

question: 17
What AWS service provides an easy way to run SQL queries against data stored in Amazon S3?
A. AWS Glue
B. Amazon Redshift
C. Amazon Athena
D. Amazon Aurora
correct answer: C
explanation: Amazon Athena lets you run interactive SQL queries directly against data in Amazon S3 using a serverless architecture.

question: 18
You need to replicate data from Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL to an on-premises PostgreSQL database. What tool should you use?
A. AWS Glue
B. AWS DMS
C. AWS SCT
D. Amazon Redshift Spectrum
correct answer: B
explanation: AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) supports replication between RDS and on-premises databases, including PostgreSQL.

question: 19
Which Amazon Aurora feature provides automatic failover without data loss?
A. Read Replicas
B. Multi-Master Clusters
C. Global Database
D. Aurora Multi-AZ
correct answer: D
explanation: Aurora Multi-AZ provides failover to a standby instance without data loss, ensuring high availability.

question: 20
Which database engine on AWS is best suited for storing RDF triples and SPARQL queries?
A. Amazon Timestream
B. Amazon Neptune
C. Amazon Aurora
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: B
explanation: Amazon Neptune supports RDF data and SPARQL queries, making it suitable for semantic web and knowledge graph applications.

question: 21
Which Amazon RDS engine supports Oracle’s native PL/SQL?
A. PostgreSQL
B. MySQL
C. Oracle
D. MariaDB
correct answer: C
explanation: Amazon RDS for Oracle supports PL/SQL, which is Oracle’s proprietary procedural extension of SQL.

question: 22
You need to load batch data daily into a data warehouse and run analytics. Which service is most suitable?
A. Amazon ElastiCache
B. Amazon DynamoDB
C. Amazon Redshift
D. Amazon Aurora
correct answer: C
explanation: Amazon Redshift is optimized for batch processing and large-scale analytics workloads.

question: 23
Which AWS service helps manage schema changes during heterogeneous database migration?
A. AWS Glue
B. AWS DMS
C. AWS SCT
D. AWS Snowball
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT) helps convert schema and code objects between different database engines.

question: 24
You have a multi-tenant application using Amazon RDS. How can you isolate customer data with minimal overhead?
A. Create a VPC per tenant
B. Use different database instances
C. Use row-level security
D. Use IAM-based access
correct answer: C
explanation: Row-Level Security (RLS) provides efficient, fine-grained access control in multi-tenant environments.

question: 25
Which Amazon RDS engine supports automatic minor version upgrades during maintenance windows?
A. Aurora
B. DynamoDB
C. Neptune
D. Redshift
correct answer: A
explanation: Amazon Aurora (as part of RDS) supports automatic minor version upgrades during scheduled maintenance.

question: 26
What is the recommended approach for auditing access to an Amazon RDS instance?
A. VPC Flow Logs
B. IAM Logs
C. CloudTrail and RDS logs
D. Security Group rules
correct answer: C
explanation: CloudTrail logs AWS API activity, and RDS logs provide SQL-level auditing of the database.

question: 27
Which service provides automated schema discovery and ETL jobs?
A. AWS Glue
B. Amazon DMS
C. Amazon QuickSight
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: A
explanation: AWS Glue is a managed ETL service that includes schema discovery and data cataloging capabilities.

question: 28
Which database engine is best suited for a social network graph with millions of users and relationships?
A. Amazon Timestream
B. Amazon RDS for MySQL
C. Amazon Redshift
D. Amazon Neptune
correct answer: D
explanation: Amazon Neptune is purpose-built for graph applications with highly connected data like social networks.

question: 29
Which type of replication is supported by Amazon RDS for MySQL to increase read scalability?
A. Synchronous replication
B. Multi-master replication
C. Asynchronous read replicas
D. Shared memory replication
correct answer: C
explanation: Amazon RDS for MySQL supports asynchronous read replicas to scale read workloads.

question: 30
Which Amazon Aurora feature replicates your database to multiple AWS Regions?
A. Aurora Serverless
B. Global Database
C. Aurora Backtrack
D. Aurora Multi-AZ
correct answer: B
explanation: Aurora Global Database allows replication across AWS Regions for disaster recovery and low-latency reads.

question: 31
Your application requires automatic failover and minimal recovery time for a PostgreSQL database. Which option is best?
A. Amazon RDS Single-AZ
B. Amazon RDS Multi-AZ
C. Amazon DynamoDB
D. Amazon ElastiCache
correct answer: B
explanation: RDS Multi-AZ provides high availability and automatic failover for supported database engines like PostgreSQL.

question: 32
You want to encrypt your Amazon RDS database at rest using a customer-managed key. What should you use?
A. KMS default key
B. Database Activity Streams
C. Customer managed CMK in AWS KMS
D. IAM user credentials
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS KMS allows you to use customer managed keys (CMKs) for encrypting RDS data at rest.

question: 33
A financial analytics app needs to perform high-speed analytical queries on large datasets. Which database is most suitable?
A. Amazon RDS
B. Amazon DynamoDB
C. Amazon Neptune
D. Amazon Redshift
correct answer: D
explanation: Amazon Redshift is optimized for complex analytical queries on large volumes of data.

question: 34
Which Aurora feature lets you roll back a database to a specific time without restoring from a backup?
A. Aurora Snapshots
B. Aurora Backtrack
C. Point-in-time recovery
D. Global Database
correct answer: B
explanation: Aurora Backtrack allows you to roll back to a previous point in time without requiring a restore operation.

question: 35
Which service allows you to catalog, search, and discover metadata about datasets stored in AWS?
A. AWS DataSync
B. AWS Glue Data Catalog
C. AWS CloudTrail
D. Amazon Aurora
correct answer: B
explanation: AWS Glue Data Catalog is a central metadata repository for datasets across AWS services.

question: 36
Which Amazon RDS feature improves scalability for read-heavy workloads?
A. Aurora Backtrack
B. Read Replicas
C. Multi-AZ
D. Enhanced Monitoring
correct answer: B
explanation: Read replicas allow you to offload read traffic from the primary DB instance, improving performance for read-heavy workloads.

question: 37
You want to migrate a commercial Oracle database to a license-free AWS managed database. Which option is most suitable?
A. Amazon RDS for Oracle
B. Amazon RDS for SQL Server
C. Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
D. Amazon Neptune
correct answer: C
explanation: Aurora PostgreSQL is a managed, open-source-compatible database that can be used as a drop-in replacement for commercial databases like Oracle, avoiding license costs.

question: 38
Which database service is optimized for high-speed caching and low latency?
A. Amazon DynamoDB
B. Amazon ElastiCache
C. Amazon Redshift
D. Amazon Neptune
correct answer: B
explanation: ElastiCache (Redis or Memcached) is designed for in-memory caching with microsecond latency.

question: 39
Your database must meet PCI DSS compliance requirements. What should you implement on Amazon RDS?
A. Public accessibility
B. Multi-AZ deployment
C. Encryption at rest and in transit
D. IAM database authentication
correct answer: C
explanation: Encryption of data both at rest and in transit is a key requirement for PCI DSS compliance.

question: 40
Which AWS service allows you to stream database change logs to other services in near real time?
A. AWS Glue
B. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
C. Amazon DMS with CDC
D. Amazon SQS
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS DMS with Change Data Capture (CDC) streams real-time changes from source databases to target services or stores.

question: 41
What type of database is Amazon Timestream?
A. Graph database
B. Key-value store
C. Time-series database
D. Columnar database
correct answer: C
explanation: Amazon Timestream is a fully managed time-series database for IoT and operational applications.

question: 42
Which database solution is ideal for a knowledge graph or semantic search?
A. Amazon Redshift
B. Amazon Neptune
C. Amazon DynamoDB
D. Amazon Timestream
correct answer: B
explanation: Amazon Neptune is designed for graph-based queries and supports semantic search using SPARQL and RDF.

question: 43
Which method allows you to monitor memory, CPU, and disk space on RDS in real-time?
A. CloudWatch Logs
B. Enhanced Monitoring
C. Trusted Advisor
D. IAM Roles
correct answer: B
explanation: Enhanced Monitoring provides real-time OS-level metrics such as memory, disk, and CPU for Amazon RDS.

question: 44
You need to migrate a 20 TB database from on-prem to Amazon RDS quickly. Your internet bandwidth is limited. What should you use?
A. AWS Direct Connect
B. AWS Glue
C. AWS Snowball
D. AWS Data Pipeline
correct answer: C
explanation: AWS Snowball allows for physical data transfer of large datasets when network transfer is slow or impractical.

question: 45
You need to enforce authentication to your Amazon Aurora database using short-lived tokens. What should you use?
A. IAM database authentication
B. Database user credentials
C. EC2 instance profile
D. SSH keys
correct answer: A
explanation: IAM database authentication allows users to authenticate to Aurora using temporary AWS credentials (tokens) instead of passwords.