Question 1:

Which of the following is the first step in a risk management process for a new enterprise network?
A. Risk assessment
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk acceptance
D. Risk analysis
Correct Answer: A. Risk assessment
Explanation: The risk assessment identifies potential vulnerabilities and threats before implementing mitigation strategies.

Question 2:

Which type of cloud deployment model provides the highest level of control and flexibility?
A. Public cloud
B. Private cloud
C. Hybrid cloud
D. Community cloud
Correct Answer: B. Private cloud
Explanation: A private cloud offers more control over infrastructure and security, as it is dedicated to a single organization.

Question 3:

Which of the following would most likely be used in a man-in-the-middle attack?
A. Phishing
B. ARP spoofing
C. SQL injection
D. Buffer overflow
Correct Answer: B. ARP spoofing
Explanation: ARP spoofing is commonly used in man-in-the-middle attacks to intercept communications between two devices.

Question 4:

What is the main function of a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?
A. Encrypt sensitive data
B. Monitor and analyze security events in real-time
C. Control access to network resources
D. Perform vulnerability scanning
Correct Answer: B. Monitor and analyze security events in real-time
Explanation: SIEM systems aggregate and analyze security data from various sources to identify potential threats.

Question 5:

Which of the following least impacts the effectiveness of a data encryption solution?
A. Key length
B. Algorithm strength
C. User training
D. Backup storage method
Correct Answer: D. Backup storage method
Explanation: While backup storage is important for data protection, it does not directly impact the encryption solution’s effectiveness.

Question 6:

A company plans to securely transmit sensitive data between two servers over the internet. Which of the following protocols should be used?
A. HTTP
B. FTP
C. SSH
D. TLS
Correct Answer: D. TLS
Explanation: TLS (Transport Layer Security) provides encryption for secure data transmission over the internet.

Question 7:

Which of the following is the best approach for a company to ensure regulatory compliance with data protection laws?
A. Implementing a firewall
B. Running periodic security audits
C. Deploying antivirus software
D. Encrypting all data in transit
Correct Answer: B. Running periodic security audits
Explanation: Regular audits help ensure that data protection practices comply with relevant laws and regulations.

Question 8:

Which of the following data loss prevention (DLP) technologies is MOST effective in preventing the transmission of sensitive information outside the network?
A. Content filtering
B. Email encryption
C. Endpoint monitoring
D. File integrity checking
Correct Answer: A. Content filtering
Explanation: Content filtering can analyze data and block sensitive information from being transmitted through various communication channels.

Question 9:

Which of the following techniques would most likely be used to perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack?
A. Sending an overwhelming number of requests to a server
B. Phishing for sensitive login credentials
C. Executing SQL injection against a database
D. Exploiting a buffer overflow vulnerability
Correct Answer: A. Sending an overwhelming number of requests to a server
Explanation: A DDoS attack floods the target server with traffic to make it unavailable.

Question 10:

What is the primary benefit of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
A. It increases password complexity
B. It ensures only authorized users can access resources
C. It prevents phishing attacks
D. It reduces the need for strong encryption
Correct Answer: B. It ensures only authorized users can access resources
Explanation: MFA enhances security by requiring multiple forms of verification to grant access.

Question 11:

Which of the following technologies protects the confidentiality of data while at rest?
A. Full disk encryption
B. Virtual private network (VPN)
C. Public key infrastructure (PKI)
D. Intrusion detection system (IDS)
Correct Answer: A. Full disk encryption
Explanation: Full disk encryption protects data stored on the disk by making it unreadable without proper authentication.

Question 12:

Which of the following is an example of a security vulnerability rather than a security threat?
A. SQL injection
B. Malware
C. Phishing
D. Man-in-the-middle attack
Correct Answer: A. SQL injection
Explanation: A vulnerability is a weakness that can be exploited, such as SQL injection, whereas threats are potential malicious actions.

Question 13:

Which security framework is widely used for securing cloud environments and aligning with international security standards?
A. NIST CSF
B. HIPAA
C. ISO/IEC 27001
D. PCI-DSS
Correct Answer: A. NIST CSF
Explanation: NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) is designed for securing cloud environments, aligning with broader security standards.

Question 14:

What should be done to mitigate a zero-day attack?
A. Apply a patch
B. Use a firewall
C. Implement an intrusion detection system
D. Monitor network traffic
Correct Answer: A. Apply a patch
Explanation: A zero-day attack exploits unpatched vulnerabilities, so applying a patch is the best mitigation.

Question 15:

What is the most effective way to secure sensitive data in transit across an untrusted network?
A. Use a VPN
B. Use a strong password policy
C. Implement access controls
D. Deploy an IDS
Correct Answer: A. Use a VPN
Explanation: A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts data while it is in transit, making it secure even on an untrusted network.

Question 16:

Which of the following is a component of a layered security approach?
A. Single sign-on (SSO)
B. Firewall
C. Anti-malware software
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: A layered security approach involves using multiple security technologies at different levels to provide comprehensive protection.

Question 17:

Which of the following is true regarding privileged access management (PAM)?
A. It is used to secure the perimeter of the network
B. It restricts access to sensitive systems to authorized individuals
C. It is a type of encryption algorithm
D. It only applies to cloud-based systems
Correct Answer: B. It restricts access to sensitive systems to authorized individuals
Explanation: PAM controls and monitors access to critical systems by privileged users.

Question 18:

What is the primary purpose of a web application firewall (WAF)?
A. To prevent physical access to servers
B. To block unauthorized inbound and outbound network traffic
C. To filter and monitor HTTP requests to and from web applications
D. To prevent malware infections on endpoints
Correct Answer: C. To filter and monitor HTTP requests to and from web applications
Explanation: A WAF protects web applications from attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and other application-layer attacks.

Question 19:

Which of the following security concepts involves the process of regularly evaluating system vulnerabilities and potential threats to determine how to mitigate risks?
A. Penetration testing
B. Security auditing
C. Risk assessment
D. Threat hunting
Correct Answer: C. Risk assessment
Explanation: Risk assessments identify potential threats and vulnerabilities, helping organizations mitigate risks.

Question 20:

Which type of attack involves exploiting the trust relationship between a client and a server, and intercepting sensitive information?
A. Man-in-the-middle attack
B. Cross-site scripting (XSS)
C. Phishing
D. Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)
Correct Answer: A. Man-in-the-middle attack
Explanation: In a man-in-the-middle attack, the attacker intercepts communications between a client and a server to steal sensitive data.