Question 1
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing between different networks?
A. Layer 2 (Data Link)
B. Layer 3 (Network)
C. Layer 4 (Transport)
D. Layer 7 (Application)

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Network layer (Layer 3) is responsible for routing between different networks using IP addresses.

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Question 2
Which of the following IP addresses is a private IP address?
A. 192.168.1.1
B. 172.30.1.1
C. 10.0.0.1
D. 8.8.8.8

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The 192.168.x.x range is a private IP address range, often used for local area networks (LANs).

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Question 3
What is the purpose of VLAN in a network?
A. To increase the IP address space
B. To group devices in a logical segment, regardless of their physical location
C. To improve the speed of data transmission
D. To connect devices over different subnets

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows devices to be grouped logically, independent of their physical location.

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Question 4
What is the main function of a router?
A. Switch traffic between different VLANs
B. Route packets between different networks
C. Perform error checking on frames
D. Manage wireless access points

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A router forwards packets between different networks based on their IP addresses.

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Question 5
Which IP routing protocol uses Hop Count as its metric?
A. OSPF
B. EIGRP
C. RIP
D. BGP

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) uses Hop Count as its metric for determining the best path.

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Question 6
Which of the following is an example of an IPv4 private address range?
A. 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
B. 172.10.0.0 to 172.10.255.255
C. 192.168.100.0 to 192.168.255.255
D. 8.0.0.0 to 8.255.255.255

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 range is a private IPv4 address range.

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Question 7
Which command is used to enter privileged EXEC mode on a Cisco device?
A. enable
B. config terminal
C. exit
D. show

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The enable command is used to enter privileged EXEC mode, where administrative tasks can be performed.

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Question 8
What does STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevent in a network?
A. Broadcast storms
B. Layer 3 routing loops
C. VLAN misconfigurations
D. Routing table size issues

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents broadcast storms by avoiding network loops in Layer 2.

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Question 9
Which of the following is not a valid IPv4 subnet mask?
A. 255.255.255.0
B. 255.255.0.0
C. 255.255.255.255
D. 255.255.255.128

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: 255.255.255.255 is a broadcast address, not a valid subnet mask.

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Question 10
Which protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?
A. DNS
B. DHCP
C. FTP
D. NTP

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.

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Question 11
What is the purpose of a switch in a network?
A. Route packets between different networks
B. Segregate broadcast domains
C. Forward frames within a VLAN
D. Translate IP addresses to MAC addresses

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A switch forwards frames within a VLAN based on MAC addresses.

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Question 12
Which of the following is an example of a valid IPv6 address?
A. 192.168.1.1
B. 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
C. 10.0.0.1
D. 255.255.255.255

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334 is a valid IPv6 address.

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Question 13
What command would you use to display the routing table on a Cisco router?
A. show interfaces
B. show ip route
C. show ip interfaces
D. show config

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The show ip route command displays the routing table on a Cisco device.

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Question 14
Which of the following is the purpose of a default gateway in a network?
A. To route traffic between local devices within a subnet
B. To allow communication between devices on different networks
C. To assign IP addresses to devices
D. To prevent unauthorized access to the network

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The default gateway allows communication between devices on different networks.

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Question 15
Which of the following protocols is used to securely manage network devices over an encrypted session?
A. Telnet
B. SNMP
C. SSH
D. FTP

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) is used for secure remote management of network devices.

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Question 16
Which command is used to save the running configuration to the startup configuration in a Cisco router?
A. copy run start
B. write memory
C. save config
D. copy start run

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The copy run start command saves the running configuration to the startup configuration.

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Question 17
What is the default administrative distance of the OSPF routing protocol?
A. 90
B. 120
C. 110
D. 1

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The default administrative distance for OSPF is 110.

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Question 18
Which of the following best describes a router’s job in a network?
A. Segregate networks into different broadcast domains
B. Forward data packets between networks
C. Provide a wireless connection between devices
D. Convert analog signals to digital signals

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A router forwards data packets between different networks using IP addresses.

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Question 19
What does NAT (Network Address Translation) do in a network?
A. Provides a unique IP address for every device
B. Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses
C. Encrypts network traffic
D. Routes packets between subnets

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: NAT allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses for Internet access.

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Question 20
What is the function of the TCP/IP model in networking?
A. Breaks down network traffic into layers for easier management
B. Specifies routing paths for data packets
C. Converts data between analog and digital signals
D. Provides an IP address for devices

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The TCP/IP model divides networking into layers to make managing network traffic and protocols easier.

Question 21
Which of the following protocols operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model?
A. IP
B. TCP
C. Ethernet
D. HTTP

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Ethernet operates at Layer 2 (Data Link) of the OSI model, dealing with frame delivery.

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Question 22
Which of the following is a valid subnet mask for an IPv4 address with a /24 prefix?
A. 255.255.255.128
B. 255.255.255.0
C. 255.255.0.0
D. 255.255.255.255

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A /24 prefix corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

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Question 23
Which type of cable is used to connect a router’s serial interface to a leased line?
A. Crossover cable
B. Straight-through cable
C. Rollover cable
D. Fiber optic cable

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A straight-through cable is used to connect a router’s serial interface to a leased line.

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Question 24
What does the show ip interface brief command do?
A. Displays IP routing tables
B. Shows basic interface information, including IP addresses
C. Shows the interface status and description
D. Displays all running processes on the router

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The show ip interface brief command displays basic interface information, including IP addresses and status.

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Question 25
Which of the following is used to verify that Layer 3 (Network Layer) devices can communicate with each other?
A. Ping
B. Traceroute
C. Telnet
D. ARP

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Ping verifies Layer 3 (Network Layer) connectivity by sending ICMP echo requests and waiting for responses.

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Question 26
What is the default port for HTTPS traffic?
A. 80
B. 443
C. 21
D. 23

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The default port for HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) traffic is 443.

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Question 27
Which routing protocol is based on link-state technology?
A. RIP
B. OSPF
C. BGP
D. EIGRP

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that uses LSAs (Link-State Advertisements).

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Question 28
Which of the following protocols is used for secure remote management of Cisco devices?
A. FTP
B. Telnet
C. SSH
D. SNMP

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) is used for secure remote management of Cisco devices, unlike Telnet, which is unencrypted.

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Question 29
What is the maximum number of host addresses in a Class C network with the subnet mask 255.255.255.0?
A. 254
B. 128
C. 512
D. 256

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A Class C network with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 allows 254 host addresses.

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Question 30
What is the purpose of NTP (Network Time Protocol)?
A. To synchronize clocks of devices across a network
B. To assign IP addresses to devices
C. To control network bandwidth
D. To check for network vulnerabilities

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used to synchronize the clocks of devices across a network.

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Question 31
Which of the following is a private IP address range?
A. 172.32.0.0 to 172.47.255.255
B. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
C. 10.0.0.0 to 10.15.255.255
D. 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 is a private IP address range.

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Question 32
Which Spanning Tree Protocol variant is default on Cisco switches?
A. RSTP
B. PVST+
C. MSTP
D. STP

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The default Spanning Tree Protocol on Cisco switches is PVST+ (Per VLAN Spanning Tree Plus).

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Question 33
Which of the following commands would be used to configure a static route on a Cisco router?
A. ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
B. route add 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
C. ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0
D. ip static-route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The command to configure a static route is ip route [destination network] [subnet mask] [next hop].

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Question 34
What does the show version command display?
A. Network configuration details
B. Routing table entries
C. System hardware and software version
D. Active network interfaces

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The show version command displays information about the system hardware and software version, including the IOS version.

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Question 35
Which of the following is the default administrative distance of EIGRP?
A. 20
B. 90
C. 110
D. 1

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The default administrative distance of EIGRP is 90.

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Question 36
What type of cable is needed to connect a router’s serial interface to a modem?
A. Straight-through cable
B. Crossover cable
C. Rollover cable
D. Fiber optic cable

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A crossover cable is used to connect a router’s serial interface to a modem.

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Question 37
Which OSI layer is responsible for data compression?
A. Application
B. Presentation
C. Transport
D. Session

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Data compression occurs at the Presentation layer (Layer 6) of the OSI model.

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Question 38
Which type of VLAN allows traffic from multiple VLANs to share a single trunk link?
A. Default VLAN
B. Native VLAN
C. Management VLAN
D. Trunk VLAN

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Native VLAN allows traffic from multiple VLANs to share a single trunk link.

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Question 39
Which of the following is a characteristic of IPv6?
A. It uses 32-bit addressing
B. It supports DHCP for address assignment
C. It has a smaller address space than IPv4
D. It cannot coexist with IPv4

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: IPv6 supports DHCPv6 for address assignment, unlike IPv4 which uses DHCP.

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Question 40
Which of the following WAN technologies uses packet switching?
A. MPLS
B. ATM
C. Frame Relay
D. ISDN

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Frame Relay is a packet-switched WAN technology.

Question 41
Which of the following is not a valid IPv4 address?
A. 192.168.1.1
B. 172.300.0.1
C. 10.0.0.1
D. 224.0.0.1

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An IPv4 address must be within the range 0 to 255 for each octet. 172.300.0.1 is invalid because 300 exceeds the maximum allowed value of 255.

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Question 42
Which type of address does ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) resolve?
A. MAC address to IP address
B. IP address to MAC address
C. IP address to hostname
D. MAC address to hostname

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: ARP resolves an IP address to a MAC address, allowing devices to communicate within a local network.

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Question 43
What command is used to configure a Cisco router’s interface?
A. ip address
B. interface
C. config terminal
D. show interfaces

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The interface command is used to enter the interface configuration mode on a Cisco router.

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Question 44
Which of the following protocols uses port 53?
A. FTP
B. DNS
C. HTTP
D. SSH

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) uses port 53 for both TCP and UDP communication.

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Question 45
What is the purpose of the show ip route command?
A. To display the router’s routing table
B. To check the status of interfaces
C. To display the configuration of interfaces
D. To display active connections

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The show ip route command displays the routing table, showing how packets are routed to different destinations.

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Question 46
Which of the following commands would be used to save the configuration to NVRAM on a Cisco device?
A. copy run start
B. write memory
C. save config
D. copy start run

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The copy run start command saves the running configuration to NVRAM, ensuring the configuration persists after a reboot.

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Question 47
Which of the following is the correct subnet mask for a /22 prefix?
A. 255.255.0.0
B. 255.255.252.0
C. 255.255.255.0
D. 255.255.255.255

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A /22 prefix corresponds to a subnet mask of 255.255.252.0.

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Question 48
Which of the following is a characteristic of OSPF?
A. Uses a distance vector algorithm
B. Supports VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask)
C. Does not support hierarchical networks
D. Has a slow convergence time

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) supports VLSM and allows for efficient use of IP address space.

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Question 49
Which type of address is 224.0.0.1?
A. Private IP address
B. Loopback address
C. Multicast address
D. Public IP address

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: 224.0.0.1 is a multicast address, used for sending data to multiple devices on a network.

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Question 50
Which Cisco feature can be used to segment a network into multiple broadcast domains?
A. NAT
B. VLAN
C. OSPF
D. NAT

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) segment a network into multiple broadcast domains, improving network performance and security.

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Question 51
What is the function of MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol)?
A. It creates multiple VLANs in a network
B. It maps multiple VLANs to a single spanning tree instance
C. It manages IP address allocation for VLANs
D. It speeds up the convergence of STP

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: MSTP allows multiple VLANs to share a single spanning tree instance, simplifying network configuration.

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Question 52
Which of the following Layer 2 devices can be used to segment a network into different collision domains?
A. Switch
B. Router
C. Hub
D. Bridge

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: A switch can segment a network into different collision domains by creating separate collision domains for each port.

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Question 53
Which of the following IP address ranges is reserved for loopback addresses?
A. 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
B. 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
C. 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
D. 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 range is reserved for loopback addresses.

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Question 54
Which command is used to display the version of the IOS software running on a Cisco router?
A. show version
B. show running-config
C. show interface
D. show ip protocol

Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The show version command displays the IOS version along with other important system details.

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Question 55
What does the EIGRP protocol use as its metric for path selection?
A. Bandwidth
B. Delay
C. Load
D. All of the above

Correct Answer: D
Explanation: EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) uses bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability as part of its metric for path selection.

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Question 56
Which of the following protocols operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI model?
A. IP
B. Ethernet
C. TCP
D. ARP

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI model, providing reliable data delivery.

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Question 57
Which of the following is an example of an active Layer 3 protocol?
A. ICMP
B. OSPF
C. FTP
D. ARP

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is an active Layer 3 (Network Layer) routing protocol.

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Question 58
Which of the following network devices operates at Layer 3 of the OSI model?
A. Switch
B. Hub
C. Router
D. Repeater

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A router operates at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and is responsible for forwarding packets between different networks.

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Question 59
What is the default administrative distance of RIP?
A. 90
B. 110
C. 120
D. 1

Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The default administrative distance of RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is 120.

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Question 60
Which of the following VLAN types can be used to create a network that has no physical ports assigned to it?
A. Data VLAN
B. Management VLAN
C. Native VLAN
D. Default VLAN

Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Management VLAN is used to assign management interfaces to devices without requiring physical ports.